Deficiency Diseases ICDS Supervisor Exam Kerala PSC - Food, Nutrition and Health|ICDS Supervisor Exam Study Materials
Nutrients
- carbohydrates
- fats,
- proteins
- vitamins
- minerals and
- water.
DEFICIENCY DISEASES
1. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
CAUSES
- Poverty that results in low food availability
- overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions and improper child care
- A decline in the practice and duration of breastfeeding combined with inadequate weaning practices
- Maternal malnutrition prior to and or during pregnancy
- Infectious diseases are major contributing and precipitating factors of PEM.
- Diarrhoea, measles and respiratory and other infections result in negative protein and energy balance
- Overcrowded and or unsanitary conditions lead to frequent infections like diarrhoea.
- Agricultural patterns, droughts, floods,earthquakes, wars and forced migrations lead to cyclic, sudden or prolonged food scarcities.
- Post harvest losses of food can occur due to bad storage conditions and inadequate food distribution.
iii. Marasmic Kwashiorkar
iv. Nutritional Dwarfing or Stunting
Some children adapt to prolonged insufficiency of food-energy
and protein by a marked retardation of growth.
Weight and height are both reduced and in the same proportion, so they appear
superficially normal.
v. Under Weight Child
Children with sub-clinical PEM can be detected by
- their weight for age or weight for height, which are significantly below normal.
- They may have reduced plasma albumin. They are at risk for respiratory and gastric infections.
Treatment
Treatment strategy can be divided into three stages.
- Resolving life threatening conditions
- Restoring nutritional status
- Ensuring nutritional rehabilitation.
There are three stages of treatment.
1. Hospital Treatment
The following conditions should be corrected.
- Hypothermia,
- hypoglycemia,
- infection,
- dehydration,
- electrolyte imbalance,
- anaemia and other vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
2. Dietary Management
The diet should be from
- locally available staple foods - inexpensive,easily digestible, evenly distributed throughout the day and
- increased number of feedings to increase the quantity of food.
- practical nutritional training for mothers in which they learn by feeding their children back to health under supervision and using local foods.
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