Classification of communication|ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Homescience
Classification of communication
Communication can be classified on the basis of the following depending on the levels, types, forms and modes
A. Classification based on the type of interaction
(i) One-way communication:
In such situations the receiver receives information but is either never able to reciprocate to the sender or cannot respond immediately.
Therefore, communication remains one–way.
Speeches, lectures, sermons, listening to music on the radio or a music system, watching any entertainment programmes on television, using internet to search information on a website, etc. are examples of one-way communication.
In such situations the receiver receives information but is either never able to reciprocate to the sender or cannot respond immediately.
Therefore, communication remains one–way.
Speeches, lectures, sermons, listening to music on the radio or a music system, watching any entertainment programmes on television, using internet to search information on a website, etc. are examples of one-way communication.
(ii) Two-way communication:
This is communication that takes place between two or more persons where all the parties communicating with each other share or exchange ideas, thoughts, information, etc. either silently or verbally.
This is communication that takes place between two or more persons where all the parties communicating with each other share or exchange ideas, thoughts, information, etc. either silently or verbally.
examples could be talking on mobile phone, discussing about future plans with one’s mother, using internet for chatting, etc.
When a baby cries to communicate her/his hunger, she/he is fed by the mother in response. The cry of the baby is the message that communicates the hunger of the child and is vital for the survival of the baby. Thus, in this case the communication is two-way.
B. Classification based on the levels of communication
(i) Inter-personal communication:
It refers to sharing of thoughts and ideas with one or more people in a face-to-face situation.
It can take place in a formal or an informal situation.
Varied means of communication like body movements, facial expressions, gestures, postures, written text and verbal modes such as words and sounds can be used for this type of communication.
It refers to sharing of thoughts and ideas with one or more people in a face-to-face situation.
It can take place in a formal or an informal situation.
Varied means of communication like body movements, facial expressions, gestures, postures, written text and verbal modes such as words and sounds can be used for this type of communication.
Examples are talking to your friend about difficulties faced while studying or conducting an experiment or participating in a panel discussion followed by question-answer session.
Inter-personal communication is the most effective and ideal type
of communication for two reasons.
1. First, there is always proximity and direct contact between the communicatee and the communicator, and therefore it is easy to persuade, motivate and convince the communicatee for acceptance of the introduced idea or thought.
2, Second, instantaneous and strong feedback with direct response of communicatee on the introduced idea is possible.
1. First, there is always proximity and direct contact between the communicatee and the communicator, and therefore it is easy to persuade, motivate and convince the communicatee for acceptance of the introduced idea or thought.
2, Second, instantaneous and strong feedback with direct response of communicatee on the introduced idea is possible.
(ii) Intra-personal communication:
This refers to communicating with oneself.
This is a form of mental process involving observing, analysing, and drawing conclusions meaningful to the individual’s present, past and future behaviour and life.
This is a form of mental process involving observing, analysing, and drawing conclusions meaningful to the individual’s present, past and future behaviour and life.
It is an on-going process that transpires inside an individual.
For instance, mental rehearsal before appearing in an interview or oral exam.
(ii) Inter-personal communication:
It refers to sharing of thoughts and ideas with one or more people in a face-to-face situation.
It can take place in a formal or an informal situation.
Varied means of communication like body movements, facial expressions, gestures, postures, written text and verbal modes such as words and sounds can be used for this
It refers to sharing of thoughts and ideas with one or more people in a face-to-face situation.
It can take place in a formal or an informal situation.
Varied means of communication like body movements, facial expressions, gestures, postures, written text and verbal modes such as words and sounds can be used for this
Examples are talking to your friend about difficulties faced while
studying or conducting an experiment or participating in a panel
discussion followed by question-answer session.
Inter-personal communication is the most effective and ideal type
of communication for two reasons.
(iii) Group Communication:
This form of communication is direct and personal, such as inter-personal communication, but with the involvement of more than two persons in the communication process.
This form of communication is direct and personal, such as inter-personal communication, but with the involvement of more than two persons in the communication process.
Group communication helps to facilitate a participatory approach and collective decision-making, gives an opportunity for self-expression, and increases the individual’s impact in a gathering, thereby augmenting one’s status in the group.
It also helps in recreation and relaxation, socialising and motivating.
A range of audio-visual aids may be used to enhance group communication.
It also helps in recreation and relaxation, socialising and motivating.
A range of audio-visual aids may be used to enhance group communication.
(iv) Mass Communication:
As a result of considerable advancement in technology, making thoughts, ideas and innovations reach the larger section of society has become possible.
Mass communication can be defined as the process of multiplying messages with the help of any mechanical device and disseminating the same to the masses.
The means and media of mass communication are radio, TV, satellite communication, newspapers, and magazines.
The audiences of mass communication are very large in size, heterogeneous and anonymous, spread over a large area and separated from the communicator in terms of time and space. For these reasons it is not possible to take a correct, complete, direct and immediate feedback; rather there is slow, cumulative, expensive, and delayed feedback
As a result of considerable advancement in technology, making thoughts, ideas and innovations reach the larger section of society has become possible.
Mass communication can be defined as the process of multiplying messages with the help of any mechanical device and disseminating the same to the masses.
The means and media of mass communication are radio, TV, satellite communication, newspapers, and magazines.
The audiences of mass communication are very large in size, heterogeneous and anonymous, spread over a large area and separated from the communicator in terms of time and space. For these reasons it is not possible to take a correct, complete, direct and immediate feedback; rather there is slow, cumulative, expensive, and delayed feedback
(v) Intra-organisational Communication:
Organisational communication takes place in highly structured settings. Just like human beings, when people work together in an organisation, organisations also establish and maintain relationships.
They use various levels of communication within their environment and amongst their departments or sections.
Organisational communication takes place in highly structured settings. Just like human beings, when people work together in an organisation, organisations also establish and maintain relationships.
They use various levels of communication within their environment and amongst their departments or sections.
Every organisation has different levels or hierarchy of ranks working together for achieving common goals.
The information flow in such organisations is expected to be two-way at the same level and one-way across levels.
(vi) Inter-organisational Communication:
This refers to the communication system developed by one organisation to communicate with other organisations with the aim of working in cooperation and coordination with each other.
For example, for assistance in developmental activities of the country, both technical and financial support is provided by international agencies, whereas, administrative support is given by the Central government and State governments.
C. Classification based on the means or modes of communication
(i) Verbal communication:
Auditory means or verbal modes like speaking, singing and sometimes even the tone of voice, etc. are of significance in verbal communication.
Auditory means or verbal modes like speaking, singing and sometimes even the tone of voice, etc. are of significance in verbal communication.
Research shows that on an average, an individual spends about 70 per cent of her/his active time in communicating verbally, i.e., listening, speaking and reading aloud.
(ii) Non-Verbal Communication:
Non-verbal means of communication are gestures, facial expressions, disposition, posture, eye contact, touch,para-language, writing, clothing, hair styles, and even architecture,symbols and sign language such as smoke signals used by some tribal people.
Non-verbal means of communication are gestures, facial expressions, disposition, posture, eye contact, touch,para-language, writing, clothing, hair styles, and even architecture,symbols and sign language such as smoke signals used by some tribal people.
D. Classification based on the involvement of number of human senses
- People retain 10% of what they Read ....... visual
• People remember about 20 – 25% of what they Hear ----audio
• People keep in mind about 30 – 35% of what they See ...... visual
• People remember 50% and more of what they have Seen, Heard
• People remember 90% and more of what they have Seen and Heard - audio-visual
Involvement of more number of senses makes the learning more clearly understandable and permanent
Classification of communication based on number of senses involved
Type of communication Examples
1.Audio
Radio, audio recordings, CD players, lectures, landline or mobile phones
Radio, audio recordings, CD players, lectures, landline or mobile phones
2.Visual
Symbols, printed materials, charts, posters
3. Audio-Visual
Television, video films, multi-media,internet
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