ICDS Supervisor Exam Kerala PSC|PUBERTY|Social Work
Developmental Psychology (Human Behaviour in Social Environment)
PUBERTY
This is the period in the development span when the child changes from an asexual to a sexual being.
As Root has explained “Puberty is that stage in development during which maturation of the sexual organs occurs and reproductive capacity is attained. This stage is also called “age of manhood”.
It refers to the physical rather than the behavioral changes which occur when the individual becomes sexually mature and is capable of producing off springs.
Males begin to produce sperm when 14 years have been completed at the same time pubic hair begins to appear.
In female a swelling of the breast begins and the menses begins.
Puberty is a unique and distinctive period and is characterised by certain developmental changes that occur, at no other time in the life span.
Puberty is an overlapping period - because it encompasses the closing years of childhood and the beginning years of adolescence.
Until they are sexually mature, children are known as “pubescents” after they become sexually mature, they are called “adolescents”.
Puberty is a short period - last from two to four years when many and extensive changes take place inside the body as well as externally.
They can be ‘rapid matures’ or ‘slow matures’.
Girl tend to mature more rapidly than boys, but there are marked variations within each sex groups.
Puberty is divided into stages - though it is short period in the life span, it is subdivided into three stages namely the prepubescent stage, the pubescent stage and the post pubescent stage.
1. Stages of Puberty
1. Prepubescent Stage
This stage overlaps the closing year or two of childhood when the
child is regarded as a “prepubescent” – one who is no longer a child
but not yet an adolescent. During the prepubescent (or “maturing”) stage, the secondary sex characteristics begin to appear but the reproductive organs are not yet fully developed.
2. Pubescent Stage
This stage occurs at the dividing line between childhood and adolescence; the time when the criteria of sexual maturity appear –the menarche in girls and the first nocturnal emissions in boys.
During the pubescent (or “mature”) stage, the secondary sex characteristics continue to develop and cells are produced in the
sex organs.
3. Postpubescent Stage
This stage overlaps the first year or two of adolescence.
During this stage, the secondary sex characteristics become well developed and the sex organs begin to function in a mature manner.
Puberty is a time of rapid growth and change - puberty is one of the two periods in the life span that are characterised by rapid growth and marked changes in body proportions.
It is refered to as “adolescent growth spurt”.
Puberty is a negative phase - an ‘anti’ attitude towards life.
There is evidence that negative attitude and behavior are characteristics mainly of the early part of puberty and that the worst of the negative phase is over when the individual becomes sexually mature.
This is pronounced in girls than in boys.
Puberty occurs at a variable age - puberty can occur at any time between the ages of five or six and ninteen years.
There are also variations in the amount of time needed to complete the transformation process of puberty.
Criteria of Puberty used to determine the onset and to pin point a particular stage that the child has reached are the menarche, nocturnal emissions, evidence derived from chemical analysis of the urine, x-rays of bone development.
The menarche, or the first menstruation, is a criteria of sexual maturity for girls.
On the other hand for boys it is nocturnal emission, chemical analysis of the first urine passed by boys and the presence of oestrogen for girls is done, x-rays of hands and knees has proved to be dependable.
Conditions Responsible for Puberty Changes
Role of the Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland produces two hormones: the growth hormone, which is influential in determining the individual’s size, and the gonadotropic hormone, which stimulates the gonads to increased activity.
Just before puberty, there is a gradual increase in the amount of the gonadotropic hormone and an increased sensitivity of the gonads to this hormone; this initiates puberty changes.
Role of the Gonads
With the growth and development of the gonads, the sex organs –
the primary sex characteristics – increase in size and become functionally mature, and the secondary sex characteristics, such as pubic hair develop.
Interaction of the Pituitary Gland and the Gonads
The hormones produced by the gonads, which have been stimulated by the gonadotropic hormone produced by the pituitary gland, act in turn on this gland and cause a gradual reduction in the amount of growth hormone produced, thus stopping the growth process.
The interaction between the gonadotropic hormone and the gonads continues throughout the individual’s reproductive life,gradually decreasing as women approach the menopause and men
approach the climacteric.
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