Vaccination, Types of Vaccination|ICDS Supervisor Exam Kerala PSC

Vaccination, Types of Vaccination|ICDS Supervisor Exam Kerala PSC

Vaccination, Types of Vaccination

Vaccination

 A vaccine is a suspension of organisms or fractions of organisms that is used to induce immunity. 

In 1798 Edward Jenner inoculated people with cowpox in an attempt to prevent smallpox.

 Cowpox is a mild disease that causes lesions on cows’ udders; dairymaids’ hands often became infected during milking and after this they become immune to Small pox. 

To honor Jenner’s work, the term vaccination (from the Latin vacca, meaning cow) was coined. 

Two centuries later, the disease of smallpox has been eliminated worldwide by vaccination, and two other viral diseases, measles and polio, are also targeted for elimination. 

Principles and Effects of Vaccination In a vaccination against small pox The injection/by skin scratches, provoked a primary immune response in the recipients, leading to the formation of antibodies and long-term memory cells.

 Later, when the recipient encountered the smallpox virus, the memory cells were stimulated, producing a rapid, intense secondary immune response. 

Many communicable diseases can be controlled by behavioral and environmental methods. For example, proper sanitation can prevent

the spread of cholera, and the use of condoms can slow the spread of sexually transmitted infections.

 Viral diseases, however, often cannot be effectively treated once contracted.

 Therefore, vaccination is frequently the only feasible method of controlling viral disease. 

Types of Vaccines 

There are now several basic types of vaccine.

 Some of the newer vaccines take full advantage of knowledge and technology developed in recent years.

 Live Attenuated Vaccines 

In this type of vaccine Live Attenuated viruses are used to develop immunity against a specific disease. 

In the autumn of 1881 Louis Pasteur used the culture that had been left on the bench during the summer to inoculate some chickens to cause cases of chicken cholera, the birds remained healthy. 

A fresh culture of the pathogen was then used to inoculate these birds, but, surprisingly, they remained healthy. 

Pasteur concluded that the culture left on the bench that summer had been weakened and was now unable to cause disease—but had rendered the chickens immune. 

Live vaccines more closely mimic an actual infection. 

Lifelong immunity, especially in the case of viruses, is often achieved without booster immunizations, this long-term effectiveness probably occurs because the attenuated viruses replicate in the body, increasing the original dose and acting as a series of secondary (booster) immunizations.

 Inactivated Killed Vaccines 

Inactivated killed vaccines use microbes that have been killed, usually by formalin or phenol. Inactivated virus vaccines used in humans include those against rabies, influenza and polio.

 Generally speaking, these vaccines are considered safer than live vaccines. 

Compared to live attenuated vaccines, these inactivated vaccines often require repeated booster doses.

 They also induce a mostly humoral antibody immunity, which makes them less effective than attenuated vaccines in inducing cellular immunity.

Conjugated Vaccines 

Conjugated vaccines have been developed in recent years to deal with the poor immune response of children to vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides.

 polysaccharides are T-independent antigens; children’s immune systems do not respond well to these antigens until the age of 15 to 24 months. 

Therefore, the polysaccharides are combined with proteins such as diphtheria or tetanus toxoid; this approach has led to the very successful vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), which gives significant protection even at 2 months.


This topic is important for the ICDS Supervisor Exam.Click  HERE.

You can Go to more posts Regarding ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Here.

More ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSCSociology Notes Here
ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Homescience Notes Here
ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Food ,Nutrition and Health Notes Here 

To Join Telegram, Click Here

Check These also

Read Also: 

ICDS Supervisor Questions and Answers

Common Health Problems in India & Different Levels of Health care in India

1. Meal Planning for the Infant

2. Spplementary foods for Infants

3. Importance of Breast Milk

4. How to Feed Infant? Meal Plan for Infants

5. Meal Planning for the Prechoolers

Topic wise Notes for ICDS Supervisor Exam

 

1.      Home Science, 

2.      Food and Nutrition, 

3.      Psychology

4.       Physiology

5.       Microbiology

6.       Sociology 

7.      Nutrition and Health 

 

MCQ Questions & Answers for ICDS Supervisor

 

1.      ICDS Supervisor NOTES

2.      Previous Questions MCQ|ICDS Supervisor Exam|ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC (1-20)

3.      Previous Questions MCQ|ICDS Supervisor Exam|ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC (21-30)

4.      ICDS Supervisor MCQ-1

5.      ICDS Supervisor MCQ set 1

6.      ICDS Supervisor MCQ set 2

7.      ICDS Supervisor MCQ set 3

8.      ICDS Supervisor MCQ set 4

9.      Nutrition & Health MCQ 1

10.  Nutrition & Health MCQ 2

11.  Nutrition & Health MCQ 3

12.  Nutrition & Health MCQ 4

13.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 1

14.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 2

15.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 3

16.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 4

17.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 5

18.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 6

19.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 7

20.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 8

21.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 1

22.  Elementary Care & Education MCQ

23.  Solved Previous Question Paper ICDS Supervisor

24.  Women & Child ICDS Supervisor Exam

25.  Extension Education Notes for ICDS Supervisor

26.  Complete NOTES Child Psychology

 

 

Nutrition Notes

 

5 Food Groups

Nutrition MCQ 1

Nutrition MCQ 2

 

More Topic wise Notes can be got from the Website https://www.previousquestions.in

 

 To Join Telegram, Click Here

Check These also

Job News

Latest Job Notifications Check HERE

Gulf Job News Check Here

Exam Preparation

Best Books for Competitive Exams

Download the Syllabus for all exams

SCERT Textbooks Kerala Download

Malayalam GK Notes

previous Question Papers

Download printable  OMR Sheet PDF for practice

Study Tips          

Click the Below topic Links to get The notes

Complete NOTES Child Psychology

മന:ശാസ്ത്ര പഠനരീതികള്‍ (methods of psychological studies)

വ്യത്യസ്ത മന:ശാസ്ത്ര ശാഖകള്‍ Different Branches of Psychology

വ്യത്യസ്ത മന:ശാസ്ത്രസിദ്ധാന്തങ്ങള്‍

നിരീക്ഷണ പഠന സിദ്ധാന്തം

വിലയിരുത്തല്‍ Assessment

 
 
സ്വയം വിലയിരുത്തലും പരസ്പര വിലയിരുത്തലും (peer assessment)

 
121/2017 Pre Primary teacher Previous Question paper with solutions

 
ബുദ്ധി (INTELLIGENCE)

 
ഹവാര്‍ഡ് ഗാര്‍ഡ്നര്‍- ഒമ്പതുതരം ബുദ്ധി

പഠനം 5 വാദങ്ങൾ

ബിഹേവിയറിസം

ഗസ്റ്റാള്‍ട്ടിസം Gestaltism Learning methods

ജ്ഞാതൃവ്യവഹാരവാദം ( Cognitive behaviorism)

 
മാനവികതാവാദം (Humanism)

ജ്ഞാതൃവാദം (Cognitivism)


നാഡീമന:ശാസ്ത്രം (neuropsychology)|പഠനത്തെ സ്വാധീനിക്കുന്ന ഘടകങ്ങള്‍

 
കോള്‍ബര്‍ഗിന്റെ സന്മാര്‍ഗവികാസഘട്ടങ്ങള്‍

വ്യക്തിത്വം Personality

 
ഉള്‍പ്പെടുത്തിയുളള വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം Inclusive education

PART 2 ഉള്‍പ്പെടുത്തിയുളള വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം  Inclusive education

ദിനാചരണങ്ങള്‍ Important dates based on themes

 
 
 

READ More :

 

ICDS SUPERVISOR Malayalam Notes

Child Psychology Notes

Anganwadi Worker Notes

 Pedagogy  Malayalam Notes

LPSA Study Notes

KTET Notes

UPSA Study Notes

Complete NOTES Child Psychology