Characteristics of Early Sociology (Bottomore):ICDS Supervisor Exam Kerala PSC
In this post, the notes of Sociology are added which are important for ICDS Supervisor Exam. Kerala PSC and other states PSC's are conducting Exams for ICDS Supervisor. Study materials are available for other topics also like Home Science, Food and Nutrition, Psychology, Physiology, Microbiology, Sociology and Nutrition and Health for ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Exam
Characteristics of Early Sociology (Bottomore):
o Encyclopedic
o Influence of- Philosophy of History and Biological Theories of Evolution
o Conceived to be a positive science
o Had ideological as well as scientific character
o Dealt with subjects/themes inspired by
1. Conditions of labor
2. Transformation of property
3. Technology and factory
4. Industrial city
Rise of sociology:
o Rooted in the drastic changes seen in Europe in the 18th century which brought out stark differences between the society of past and society of the present.
o The positive and upheld reason; believed perfect society was possible.
o All intellectual fields profoundly shaped by social settings became the subject matter of sociology.
o 3 intellectual influences: post-enlightenment philosophy of history + Biological theory of evolution + surveys of social conditions.
o Social Life’s study social behavior (in the presence of others + awareness of this presence) social action (meaningful act) and basic units of social interaction (interconnected chain of reciprocal actions) shaped by culture, status, norms, institutions, cooperation & conflict, social control, etc Deviance (from expected roles), Relations (born out of role expectations), groups (defined by relations and common goal) and social changes.
o Thus, subject matter of sociology:
1. Primary units of social life
• social action, social interaction, relations
• Different types of groups (family, caste etc)
2. Basic social institutions (marriage, economy, polity etc)
3. Fundamental social processes (cooperation, conflict, deviance and change)
Scope of sociology
The scope of sociological study is extremely wide. It can focus its analysis of interactions between individuals and at the same time on national issues like unemployment, caste conflict, rural indebtedness, etc.
What defines the discipline of sociology is therefore not just what it studies but how it studies a chosen field.
Sociology with 150 years old of existence is a relatively young discipline. It's subject matter and scope have been intensely debated but still, it is not practical to rein its purview within specific
boundaries.
There are two schools of thought with different viewpoints regarding scope and subject matter of sociology-
formal school and synthetic school.
According to formal school, sociology was conceived to be a social science with a specifically defined field.
This school had George Simmel, Weber, Ferdinand Tonnies, Alfred Vierkandt, and Leopard Von Wiese as its main advocates.
On the other hand, the synthetic school with Durkheim, Hobhouse, Ginsberg, and Sorokin advocated a synthesis in the form of coordination among all social sciences.
Specialist or Formal School of Sociology
The formal school argued in favor of giving sociology a definite subject matter to make it a distinct discipline.
It emphasized the study of forms of social relationships and regarded sociology as an independent.
Simmel and others are of the opinion that sociology is pure and independent science.
As a pure science it has a limited scope.
Sociology should confine itself to the study of certain aspects of human relationships only.
Further, it should study only the ‘forms’ of social relationships but not their contents.
A social relationship such as competition, sub-ordination, division of labor, etc., are expressed in different fields of social life such as economic, political, religious, moral, artistic etc.
Sociology should disentangle the forms of social relationships and study them in abstraction.
According to Simmelforms from a human relationship which are common to diverse situations, it should be the subject matter of Sociology.
Vierkandt maintained that sociology should be concerned with ultimate forms of mental or psychic relationship which knit the people together in a society.
It should refrain itself from making a historical study of concrete societies.
According to Von Wiese, there are two kinds of fundamental social processes in human society.
Firstly the associative process concerning contact, approach, adaptation etc and secondly disassociate processes like competition and conflict.
Apart from these two processes a mixed form of the associative and disassociative also exists.
Each of these processes has sub-classes which in totality give approximately 650 forms of human relationships.
Tonnies divided societies into two categories namely Gemeinschaft (community) and Gesellschaft (association) on the basis of the degree of intimacy among the members of the society.
He has on the basis of forms of relationship tried to differentiate between community and society.
Max Weber also makes out a definite field for sociology. According to him the aim of sociology is to interpret or understand social behavior.
But human interactions that are not social are excluded.
Sociology is concerned with the analysis and classification of types of social relationships.
Criticism of formal School
The formal school has been criticized on the issue that it has emphasized on merely abstract forms and neglected the concrete contents of social life.
Secondly, the distinction between the forms of social relations and their contents is not workable.
Sorokin writes, “we may fill a glass with wine, water or sugar without changing its form, but I cannot conceive of a social institution whose form would not change when its members change”.
According to Ginsberg, The conception of pure sociology is not
practical as no social science can be studied in isolation from other social sciences.
Synthetic School of Sociology
The synthetic school wanted sociology to be a synthesis of the social sciences and thus wanted to widen the scope of sociology.
Durkheim, Hob House, Ginsberg, and Sorokin have been the chief exponents of this school.
According to Durkheim, sociology has three principal divisions' namely-Social morphology, social physiology, and general sociology. Social morphology is concerned with the geographical or territorial basis of life of people such as population, size, density and distribution etc.
This can be done at two levels -
analysis of size and quality of population which affects the quality of social relationship groups and institutions with their classification.
Social physiology deals with the genesis and nature of various social institutions namely religion, morals, law and economic institutions etc.
In general sociology, the main aim is to formulate general social laws.
An attempt is made to find out if there are links among various institutions that would be treated independently in social physiology and in the course to discovering general social laws.
Hobhouse perceived sociology as a science which has the whole social life of man as its sphere.
Its relations with the other social sciences are considered to be one of mutual exchange and mutual stimulation.
Karl Mannheim's divides sociology into two main sections-systematic and general sociology and historical sociology.
Ginsberg has summed up the chief functions of sociology as
(a) it seeks to provide a classification of types and forms of social relationships especially of those which have come to be defined
institutions and associations.
(b) It tries to determine the relationship between different parts of factors of social life, for example, the economic and political, the moral and the legal, the intellectual and the social elements.
(c) It endeavors to disentangle the fundamental conditions of social change and persistence and to discover sociological principles governing social life.
The scope of sociology is, indeed, very vast.
But there is a general consensus on the certain topics which are specific to sociology like Sociological analysis/perspective of society, social relationships, social institutions, social processes, the methodology of research, concepts like stratification, pathology etc, and in the present era of explosion of knowledge, sociologists have ventured to make specializations as well.
Despite such a consensus, sociology is still evolving and it is neither possible nor essential to delimit the scope of sociology, because, it would be, as Sprott puts it, “A brave attempt to confine an enormous mass of slippery material into a relatively simple system of pigeonholes”
Also Read;
Previous Questions MCQ|ICDS Supervisor Exam|ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC (21-30)
This topic is important for the ICDS Supervisor Exam. Click HERE.
You can Go to more posts Regarding ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Here.
More ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSCSociology Notes Here
ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Home science Notes Here
ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Food, Nutrition and health Notes Here
To Join Telegram, Click Here
Read Also:
ICDS Supervisor Questions and Answers
Common Health Problems in India & Different Levels of Health care in India
1. Meal Planning for the Infant
2. Spplementary foods for Infants
4. How to Feed Infant? Meal Plan for Infants
5. Meal Planning for the Prechoolers
Topic wise Notes for ICDS Supervisor Exam
3. Psychology
4. Physiology
5. Microbiology
6. Sociology
MCQ Questions & Answers for ICDS Supervisor
2. Previous Questions MCQ|ICDS Supervisor Exam|ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC (1-20)
3. Previous Questions MCQ|ICDS Supervisor Exam|ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC (21-30)
13. ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 1
14. ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 2
15. ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 3
16. ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 4
17. ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 5
18. ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 6
19. ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 7
20. ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 8
21. ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 1
22. Elementary Care & Education MCQ
23. Solved Previous Question Paper ICDS Supervisor
24. Women & Child ICDS Supervisor Exam
25. Extension Education Notes for ICDS Supervisor
26. Complete NOTES Child Psychology
Nutrition Notes
More Topic wise Notes can be got from the Website https://www.previousquestions.in
To Join Telegram, Click Here
Check These also
Job News
Exam Preparation
Exam Preparation
Download printable OMR Sheet PDF for practice
Click the Below topic Links to get The notes
à´µിലയിà´°ുà´¤്തല് Assessment
à´¸്വയം à´µിലയിà´°ുà´¤്തലും പരസ്പര à´µിലയിà´°ുà´¤്തലും (peer assessment)
121/2017 Pre Primary teacher Previous Question paper with solutions
à´¬ുà´¦്à´§ി (INTELLIGENCE)
ഹവാà´°്à´¡് à´—ാà´°്à´¡്നര്- à´’à´®്പതുതരം à´¬ുà´¦്à´§ി
പഠനം 5 à´µാദങ്ങൾ
à´¬ിà´¹േà´µിയറിà´¸ം
à´—à´¸്à´±്à´±ാà´³്à´Ÿ്à´Ÿിà´¸ം Gestaltism Learning methods
à´œ്à´žാà´¤ൃà´µ്യവഹാà´°à´µാà´¦ം ( Cognitive behaviorism)
à´®ാനവിà´•à´¤ാà´µാà´¦ം (Humanism)
à´œ്à´žാà´¤ൃà´µാà´¦ം (Cognitivism)
à´¨ാà´¡ീമന:à´¶ാà´¸്à´¤്à´°ം (neuropsychology)|പഠനത്à´¤െ à´¸്à´µാà´§ീà´¨ിà´•്à´•ുà´¨്à´¨ ഘടകങ്ങള്
à´•ോà´³്ബര്à´—ിà´¨്à´±െ സന്à´®ാà´°്à´—à´µിà´•ാസഘട്à´Ÿà´™്ങള്
à´µ്യക്à´¤ിà´¤്à´µം Personality
ഉള്à´ª്à´ªെà´Ÿുà´¤്à´¤ിà´¯ുളള à´µിà´¦്à´¯ാà´്à´¯ാà´¸ം Inclusive education
PART 2 ഉള്à´ª്à´ªെà´Ÿുà´¤്à´¤ിà´¯ുളള à´µിà´¦്à´¯ാà´്à´¯ാà´¸ം Inclusive education
à´¦ിà´¨ാചരണങ്ങള് Important dates based on themes
à´¬ിà´¹േà´µിയറിà´¸ം
à´—à´¸്à´±്à´±ാà´³്à´Ÿ്à´Ÿിà´¸ം Gestaltism Learning methods
à´œ്à´žാà´¤ൃà´µ്യവഹാà´°à´µാà´¦ം ( Cognitive behaviorism)
à´œ്à´žാà´¤ൃà´µാà´¦ം (Cognitivism)
à´¨ാà´¡ീമന:à´¶ാà´¸്à´¤്à´°ം (neuropsychology)|പഠനത്à´¤െ à´¸്à´µാà´§ീà´¨ിà´•്à´•ുà´¨്à´¨ ഘടകങ്ങള്
à´µ്യക്à´¤ിà´¤്à´µം Personality
PART 2 ഉള്à´ª്à´ªെà´Ÿുà´¤്à´¤ിà´¯ുളള à´µിà´¦്à´¯ാà´്à´¯ാà´¸ം Inclusive education
à´¦ിà´¨ാചരണങ്ങള് Important dates based on themes
READ More :
![[Set 3] MCQ for ICDS Supervisor Exam|ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirmpde6UGlx94eDLtWkrJ18PAc_d8GVw_K-4E1izTltkjugPJEyBVplbm_S85f0gxNowfcbT6afCPnAjTF0_TKYK9Lq7zm1fnQU-TPsKEosx0opg5d05b-nry5qBPrKUZMoVD7BOFpW-5jxoAlMCTysmHKi30ieam3tPtA_ohH_Z5D2Uu1PPxt-qZ38wY/s72-c/icds-supervisor-mcq.jpg)
