Principles of Development|ICDS Supervisor Kerala Study Materials
Principles of Development
In this section, we shall focus on the different principles associated with development
and learning.
Principle of Change
As we know, human beings always think of moving ahead. Similarly, the nature and
scope of development involved also changes with time.
What a person was at age 5, will not be same at age 20. The person will have changed in many respects such as physical growth, understanding and maturation.
The process of development in the person also changes correspondingly.
Principle of Significance of Early Development
A universally accepted idea is that early development is more important and critical
than later development. Early development involves the experiences a child has
during his or her young age. Healthy experiences will lead to healthy development
while negative experiences may lead to an unhealthy development.
Positive experiences can be provided by parents through love and caring. There are some capabilities, which develop best at some specific time of life, such as brain development,
language development and so on. Parental love and care promote the mental health of a child and the child becomes less prone to behavioural problems at a later age.
Principle of Predictability
Development principles are predictable. We can know the particular age at which children
will learn to walk, speak and so on.
These predations help to decide many things for children. But, it is important to note that this principle does not mean that all children will develop in same way.
There may be differences in the way each child develops because every child has a unique personality, which is developed on the basis of his or her socio-cultural context.
Principle of Interaction between Heredity and Environment
Development of child is a process that cannot be defined wholly based either on heredity
or environment. Both have to play an important role in child development.
There are arguments in favour of both. However, most of the psychologists agree that an
interplay of these two factors leads to development.
Where heredity decides or set some limits on development (mostly physical), environmental influences complete the developmental process (qualitative). Environment influences development qualitative,
as it provides space for multi-dimensional development through interaction with family,
peer, society and so on.
Principle of Individual Differences
One the most important principle of development is that it involves individual differences.
There is no fixed rate of development. That all children will learn to walk is
universal, but the time at which each child takes his or her first step may vary. This
difference may be attributed to heredity and environmental factors. It is important to
understand that these differences to provide better opportunities for development.
Principle of Expectations
There are some expectations from a child at each stage of development. For example
during infancy, children learn to control physical actions; as toddlers, they learn to correlate
the different concepts they have learnt; at school, they learn to interact with
peer group and increase their social context. Therefore, there are some expectations
associated with different stages of development.
Principle of Association of Maturation and Learning
Biological growth and development is known as maturation. Biological change involves
changes in the brain and the nervous system, which provide new abilities to a child.
Development proceeds from simple to complex. In the beginning, a child learns through
concrete objects and gradually moves to abstract thinking. This transition happens
because of maturation.
Principle of Continuation
Development is a continuous process. Children keep adding new skills to their abilities
on the basis of their experiences. Almost all children follow a similar pattern in the
sequence of acquisition of their skills.
This sequence continues to move and add new knowledge and skills and help children to learn from their experiences. There is no time when we do not learn. Learning is directly related to development, which in turn, is a process that stops only with the life of a person.
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